Acids, Bases Buffers Essay Example

Acids, Bases Buffers Paper To measure the buffering capacity of two types of Isotonic drinks. Introduction: There are acid-forming. Basic forming and neutral food, however the acid or alkaline properties of a food is unable to judge by the actual acidity of the food itself. For example, citrus fruits such as lemon are acidic, but they are alkaline-forming when we consume and digest it. Therefore the food acidity or alkalinity only can determined when it is break down and digested. To maintain a healthy diet, acid- ease balance diet is very important. An acid-base buffer is a solution that lessens the impact on pH from addition of acid and base. The essential feature of a buffer means that it consists of high concentrations of the acidic (HA) and basic (A-) components. When small amount of HUH+ or OH- Ions are added to the buffer, they cause a small amount of one buffer component to convert Into the other, which change the relative concentration of the two component. For any weak acid, HA, the dissociation equation and Aka expression are: The final expression of pH obtained after logarithms applied to both side. We will write a custom essay sample on Acids, Bases Buffers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Acids, Bases Buffers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Acids, Bases Buffers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Buffer capacity is a measure of the ability to resist pH change and depends on both the absolute and relative component concentration. The buffer capacity is affected by the relative concentration of the buffer component which the buffer capacity in increasing with the concentration of the components of a buffer. For a given addition of acid or base, the buffer component concentration ratio change less when the concentration are similar than what they are different. Materials: Acetic acid (MM=60 g/mol), Noah solution (0. MM), HCI solution (0. 001 M), calibration buffer (pH. 5 and pH 5. 5), 7-UP, 100 Plus. Based on El Chatterer principle, the equilibrium of the system will shifts to the left to suppress the acid from dissociating as much as it would in water and causes the [HUH+] decreased. Therefore higher pH (less acidic) obtained with increasing of the sodium acetate added. This is because the common ion effect that acetate ion CHOC- play the role as common ion for both the acetate acid and the sodium acetate solution. Buffer by 1 unit for acetate solution is the highest and for the 0. MOM HCI is the lowest. Same case goes with their buffer capacity that have been calculated. This implies that the more concentrated the buffer, the greater its capacity, and the larger the resist of pH change. For the 7-JP and citrate buffer is present in the solution which in the form of sodium citrate. The percentage error obtained in this experiment is considerable high for both buffer and HCI acid solution. There are several factors that may be possible lead to the occurrence of error: The solution is not homogeneous because not stirred well before adding sodium acetate Systematic error maybe happened especially acetic acid measurement taking for 2 decimal places by using a ml pipette. For the titration between HCI and Noah solution is strong acid and strong base titration. They will both fully dissociate, which mean all the molecules of acid and base will completely separate into ions. Therefore, the Noah solution needed to change the pH of HCI solution is lesser than the titration of acetate buffer with Noah solution. HCI + Noah attach + H2O Recommendations: The error of the experiment can be reduced by using microcomputer for the 2 decimal place volume of acetic acid that need to take, instead of pipette which has ml. Besides, the glass rod may hit the pH meter bulb and it is unable to let the solution keep stirring, therefore the magnetic stirrer bar is recommended here to be used in order to have constant stirring to ensure the solution is homogeneous. Question and Answer: 1. Based on the results in the experiment, which beverage (7-up or 100-Plus) shows a better buffer capacity? Why? Answer: In this experiment, 100-Plus has better buffering capacity than the 7-JP. Buffer capacity is the measure of this buffer ability to resist pH change and depends on both the absolute and relative component concentrations. The greater the buffer capacity of the buffer system, the more acid or base is required to change the pH of the buffer system. In this experiment, the average volume of Noah solution used to increase 1 unit of pH is higher in 100-plus. 2. What are the chemical components in 7-JP and which are involved in determining the buffer capacity of these soft drinks? Answer: The chemical components involved in determining the buffer capacity of 7-up and 100-plus are iatric acid, its conjugate base, citrate, carbon dioxide and its conjugate base carbonic acid.

Bret Hart essays

Bret Hart essays The best there is the best there was and the best there ever will be. Bret Hart was an icon of WWF and WCW. He will always be remembered by his fans. Bret came from a large family . Bret and Owen were the only two members of the family who wanted to become wrestling superstars. Also Stu Hart was involved in the wrestling business. He brought up Owen and Bret to become wrestlers. The Stu family were involved in the WWF for the following reason. Brets father Stu, had a training room, that had everything that a amateur wrestler needed. Weights, wrestling mats, you name it, the room had it all. This room was called The Dungeon, where many great wrestlers trained like Chris Benoit, Owen Hart, etc. The WWF was interested in this dungeon, it brought the Harts to the WWF. Bret had a normal education where there were no types of advantages or anything like that for Bret just because his father was famous. Bret finished Elementary school, and went to Ernest Manning High School and laboured at a gas plant to pay his tuition at Mount Royal College. To do this he had to take one and a half years off High School. Brets favourite subject was English. Bret was not yet interested in wrestling, instead he wanted to direct films. That later changed. Bret Harts most memorable matches were: The Hartfoundation vs. The British Bulldogs (First Tag Team Title Victory), The Hartfoundation vs. Demolition (Second Tag Team Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Mr. Perfect (First IC Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Rowdy Rody Piper (Second IC Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Ric Flair (First World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Yokozuna (Second World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Diesel(Third World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. Vader/Steve Austin/The Undertaker (Fourth World Title Victory), Bret Hart vs. The Undertaker (Fifth World Title Title Victory). Bret Harts most favourite matches w...

From Schumpeter to Open Innovation Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

From Schumpeter to Open Innovation - Thesis Example To some people who have not grasped the true import of design in innovation, design is still descriptive of the superficial polish of neater appliances and cleaner graphics. This, however, is far from the truth (Sandberg, 2011). Today’s business trends are dictated by customers. It is an established fact that today’s buyers are not interested in procuring products but will spend money to purchase ‘meanings’. There are different ways in which people use the things they buy; most of these are due to socio-cultural, psychological, or utilitarian reasons. Innovation, in today’s business scene, is inextricably connected with design. The whole subject of design has grown to be a significant benefit for numerous industries. It also functions as an important tool in warding off commoditization. Business analysts have discovered in past researches that all manufactured goods and services being traded in industrial markets have an inherent meaning (Verganti, 2009). Companies, therefore, ought to focus on more than just functions, features, and the performance of manufactured products and seek to comprehend the true meanings given to products and services by consumers. Such meanings cannot be innovated but have to be recognized by manufacturers. User-centered viewpoints have brought about powerful methods for appreciating how consumers give meaning to the products that they purchase. There are companies that have used design to revolutionalize their entire way of doing business while also accruing massive profits. Corporations such as ‘Google’ and ‘Apple’ are now way ahead of their business rivals as a result of their efforts in placing design at the forefront of their corporate objectives of innovation (Lockwood, 2009). The researchers that make products for these firms actually seem to be able to read the minds of their consumers even before the consumers themselves are aware of what they will